Synthesis reactions are those in which two or more compounds react to certain conditions to form one or more new products.
In a generic way, the reaction can be represented as the form: A + B → C.
The synthesis reactions are very important for science, because thanks to these methods can be made various materials, medicines and products that we use in everyday life.
Examples of synthesis reactions
Production of ammonia (NH3)
Nitrogen molecules contain two atoms of this element. Hydrogen appears the same in this way, so when combined in the right proportions and under the right conditions of pressure and temperature, ammonia is produced, according to the following reaction.
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
Sulfuric acid
This is produced from sulfur trioxide and a water molecule. It is a highly corrosive product and its main use is in the fertilizer industry. It is obtained from the following reaction.
SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
Table salt (sodium chloride)
This salt is one of the best known by all for its great domestic use. It is obtained from sodium and chlorine, and although it can be obtained by the following reaction, it is very easy to find it naturally.
Na + Cl → NaCl
Methanol
The formula for synthesizing methanol is like two moles of diatomic hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The result is methanol (CH3OH).
However, to produce this process is not strictly followed and there are several intermediate steps to obtain the final product. Methanol serves as a solvent and is used in industries for various processes.
Glucose
This is one of the most important reactions for life to exist as we know it. Plants use carbon dioxide and water from the environment in sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen.
The reaction in a very general way can be seen below, but it is important to understand that behind it there are several reactions and mechanisms to make this possible.
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
Saccharose
This synthesis reaction occurs in living organisms and occurs when glucose is polymerized with fructose. Due to its structure, these two molecules interact and the final result is sucrose and water, as can be seen in the following equation:
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 → C12H22O11 + H2O
Magnesium sulphate
It can be produced from a very simple reaction consisting of magnesium and sulfuric acid. It is very difficult to find it in nature without water.
Mg + H2SO4 → H2 + MgSO4
Carbon dioxide
It happens naturally in several processes, when the diatomic oxygen molecule is found with carbon carbon dioxide is produced.
It is present in natural processes such as respiration, as a reagent in photosynthesis and it occurs easily in combustion reactions.
C + O2 → CO2
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid is widely used as a cheap acid and as a reactive agent for the synthesis of other compounds.
Cl2 + H2 → 2HCl
Calcium carbonate
It is widely known as a very abundant agent in nature, mainly in rocks, minerals and shells in the sea. Its reaction is based on the interaction of calcium oxide with carbon dioxide.
CaO + CO2 → CaCO3
References
- House, H. O. (1978). Modern reactions of organic synthesis . Mexico; Barcelona;: Reverté.
- Diaz, J. C., Fontal, B., Combita, D., Martinez, C., & Corma, A. (2013). Synthesis of nano-au supported in metal oxides and its catalytic activity in oxidation reactions of co. Latin American Journal of Metallurgy and Materials, 33 (1), 43-53.
- Rivera-Rivera, L. A. (2004). Synthesis, characterization, reactions and mechanisms of (dihapto- [carbon (60)] fullerene) (dihapto-bidentate ligand) tungsten (0) tricarbonyl
- Carriedo, G. A. (2010). Inorganic chemistry in reactions . Madrid: Synthesis.
- Chang, R. (1997). chemistry i . Mexico: McGraw-Hill.