He Quechua Was the lingua franca of the Inca colonization, which later continued to expand as a language of Christianization in colonial times.
The dissemination of the Quechua language has led to the disappearance of almost all the languages originating in the Andean region.
Quechua is actually a term that includes several languages. It represents 17 different emerging constituent languages, languages that have from 3 to 5 centuries of diversification. Quechua linguistic unity is comparable to the linguistic complex of romance.
The Spanish settlers, who arrived in Peru in 1531 with Francisco Pizarro (1478-1541), were the first to design an orthographic system to write Quechua.
For this purpose they used the Spanish alphabet as much as possible to reproduce the sounds of the language. However, for those sounds that were not similar to Spanish, writers designate rules and symbols.
To date there is no real agreement on spelling and there is no universally accepted alphabet for this language.
Quechua is currently the most widely spoken language by indigenous communities that survive in Latin America.
From six to ten million people in the Andean area, from southern Colombia through Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia to northwest Argentina and northern Chile use Quechua as their usual language.
Quechua is an extremely agglutinating language, that is, by adding infixes and suffixes to a word or its root, a new word is created.
- The infixes, are used mainly with verbs, they provide nuances or modifications in the meaning of the original word.
- Suffixes are mainly used to conjugate verbs with other elements of the sentence.
A Quechua word can convey a thought that would require the use of one or more sentences to be expressed in another language. For example:
- Aparichimpullawaychehà ± a!: please bring it immediately (Addressing more than one person).
- Chimpachinakuy: to indicate that the person must pass to the other side of the stream and that will be assisted by the hand of the subject that stays behind. Being on the other side of the stream, the person should help the subject who initially lent him / her collaboration.
List of words and expressions in Quechua
1- There
Say (Order).
2- Achkur
Collect with both hands.
3- Achachakíkan
He's warming up, he's sunning himself.
4- Achachan / Achachékun
Is hot!
5- Achachankíku
You have a fever?
6- Achachánku
Is hot?
7- Achacháptin junáqcho
When it is hot during the day.
8- Achacháq yáku
Hot water.
9- Achacháq / chacháq
Hot.
10- Achachár
Warm up, sunny.
eleven- Achachatzikkun
Are you hot or have a fever?
12- Álli wíyaqoq
A person who listens well, who obeys.
13- Állina kaptínnam
When he / she has recovered.
14- Allitukúr
Pretend, pretend, try to be good.
fifteen- Allpatár
Cover or soil with dirt or dust.
16- Ámpi
Night, dark, sunset.
17- Ámur
Have and keep something in your mouth.
18- Balliku
Wild oats.
19- Bun
Abound.
twenty- Chákar
Open the soil with a cultivation instrument to plant.
twenty-one- Haiku
Foot.
22- Chakwan
Old woman.
2. 3- Chanin
Price, cost.
24- Cháqru
Uneven, uneven.
25- Cháwar
Be raw, uncooked.
26- Chírimpu
Dry wheat, boiled.
27- Chwiwi
Shorts tight and decorated with buttons.
28- Cho
Suffix used with the subject. Meaning: in, between.
29- Chuck
Put, put, save.
30- Chute
Vulgar, rude.
31- Éka
How much?
32- Éllukar
Gathering, gathering, shrinking, wrinkling.
33- Épa
Much, enough, enough.
3. 4- Ewayá
We go (walk).
35- Gatéra / Gatéru
Reseller, product retailer.
36- Gaterutáchi rántikushun jarantzikta
We will sell our maize to the retailer.
37- Ichik
Small, tiny.
38- Ichikáchan
Arrogant posture.
39- Íkar
Chop, cut into small pieces.
40- Pomegranate
Light.
41- Imanó
How? In what way?
42- Magnet
What, what for?
43- Ishkí
I fall.
44- Ishpé
Urine.
Four. Five- Jácha / yúra
Wild forest, mountain bush, forest.
46- Jákan
He yawns, he exhales.
47- Jakán
Swollen, inflamed, irritated.
48- Jáku
Small blanket to carry a child in the back
49- Jámpi
Medicinal herb drink, remedy, medicine.
fifty- Jána
Clothing, clothing, attire (for men).
51- Jaúka
Always, still.
52- Jírpur
Have a patient take liquid or medicine.
53- Juchú
Collapse, collapse, landslide.
54- Chéqlla
Green color.
55- Chéqlli / tzéqllir
Sprout, bud.
56- Chéqllitzir / tzéqllitzir
Make sprout
57- Chéqñar
Tighten, secure, securely tied with belt, rope, thread.
58- Chéqsa / tzéqtzi
Bat.
59- Chewréqsa / chiwréqsa / árash píshqo
Bird reddish gray.
60- Chícharru
Pork rind.
61- Chíchi
Theta, breasts, tits
62- Chichinmi
She nurses
63- Chichipa Púntan
Nipple
64- Chíchu wármim tékan
A pregnant woman is sitting
65- Chik
Hate, antipathy, selfish.
66- Chíksa / tíksha / tíkshi
Tickle.
67- Chíku / káncha
Corral for birds.
68- Chikuti
Whip.
69- Chila
Pumpkin.
70- Chila grabs
Bald.
71- Chili
That shines, that illuminates.
72- Chípi / Chípsa
Chicken, chick.
73- Chípshir / típshir
Pinch, pinch.
74- Chyyan / Tzipyan
He / she cleans, organizes, puts in order.
75- Chípyaq
Clear water.
76- Chíqeq
Enemy.
77- Chípara
Drizzle.
78- Chíwa
Goat or goat.
79- Chonta
Heart or mature stem of black palm.
80- Chat
Cough
81- Chúñu
Very fine flour of maize or potato.
82- Chunyan / tzunyan
Empty, lonely, unoccupied.
83- Chukrakar
Fainting, not being able to breathe.
84- Rain
She puts, puts.
85- Little girl
Shelf, cupboard.
86- Chuck
Put, put, save.
87- Chúrkar / Chúrkur
Put the pot on the stove.
88- Chúseqyan
Intermittent and intermittent stabbing pain.
89- Chuseqyár
Feeling intermittent and temporary pain.
90- Chusku
Four
91- Chuspikúana
The flies.
92- Chusúshqa
Plant without optimum development.
93- Chusuyár
Slim down.
94- Ektirisya
Hepatitis.
95- Ellukí / pallakí
Harvest.
96- Élluyan papakúnatam
They harvest the potatoes.
97- Épallan pakakuna
There are enough potatoes.
98- I spent
Put or add.
99- Eqinkíkun
You are going to run?
100- Was
Place where the grain is threshed.
101- Erayan ewanámpaq
He / she is anxious to go.
102- Ésqi
Pus
103- Ésqin
Is infected
104- Ethnicity
Meat
105- Ewakashima
Exhausted, fatigued, rendered.
106- Ewakullánam júk markakúnapa
I go elsewhere.
107- Winus diyas!
Good Morning
108- Wines tardis!
Good afternoon (until 6 or until dark)
109- Winas nuchis!
Good night (from 6 or after dark)
110- Imaynalla (tah) kasanki?
How are you?
111- Alli (Ia) npuni. Qanri?
Very good. And you?
112- Î ± ββ
I'm fine too
113- Mana alii (IIa) npunichu
No good
114- Anchata phutikuni
I am so sorry
115- Anchata kusikuni rehsisuspa (y)
Nice to meet you
116- Ima (n) sutiyki?
What's your name?
117- Imatah kanki?
What do you do?
118- Pi (tah) chay wayna?
Who is he?
119- Maymanta (n) katiki?
Where are you from?
120- Uh, ratukama
See you soon.
121- Adiyús!
Bye.
122- Ima kaypata sutin?
What is this called?
123- Wawasniyoh kankichu?
Have children?
124- Haykâ?? a wawayoh kanki?
How many children do you have?
125- Imatam ruakunki?
What do you do?
126- (H) allpâ""a llankâ""ahchu kanki?
Are you a farmer?
127- Mana yachanichu maypi kasan
I do not know where he is.
128- Yanapasuyta atinichu?
I can help?
129- Ninariyta yanapasuyta atinichu?
Can I help you light the fire?
130- Pichari yanapawayta atin?
Can anybody help me?
131- Is there an anthem?
How much?
132- Ima uraña (tah)?
What time is it?
133- Chunka ura (s) ta paqarinmanta hamuni
I will come at 10 in the morning.
134- Q'aya simanata ripusah
I'll go next week.
135- Sinchita paramusan
It is raining heavily.
136- Qhonqhonnimusanchu?
Was that thunder?
137- Anchata chirimusan
It is very cold.
138- Waranqa
One thousand
139- Payqa, amiguy
He is my friend.
140- Payqa, ñoqahapta amigay
She's my friend.
141- Payqa, ñoqahpata sispa aylluy
She's a relative of my husband.
142- Payqa, sispawawqey
He is my cousin.
143- Augusto ñawpa iyapi human
I will come on the first of August.
144- Dus mil dis watapi hamusah
I will come in 2010.
145- Chihchi
Hail.
146- Rit'i
Snow.
147- Phuyu
Cloud.
148- Illari
Clear sky.
149- K'uychi
Rainbow.
150- Rupha
Burn.
151- Kuchu / K'utu
Cut.
152- Wayk'u / Yanu
Cook.
153- T'impu
Boil.
154- Kanka
Toast.
155- Thehtichi
Fry.
156- Punchy
Sleep.
157- Apu
Owner, boss.
158- Apuchaw
Sunday.
159- Aqo
Sand.
160- Aqha
Purple corn liquor.
161- Arí
Yes.
162- Armakuy
Taking a shower.
163- Arus
Rice.
164- Asiriy
Smile.
165- And so
Laugh.
166- Asna
Bad smell.
167- Astah
Person who transports.
168- Atichaw
Tuesday.
169- Governess
Corpse.
170- Ayllu
Family.
171- Aymuray
Harvest.
172- Manchari
Fear-
173- Ñawpa
Old man.
174- Chanta
After.
175- Pas, -pis
Although.
176- Khuska
Along.
References
- Fishman, J. (2005). Can Threatened Languages be Saved? Clevedon, Multilingual Matters Ltd.
- Grenoble, L. And Whaley, L. (1998). Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Hornberger, N. (1997). Indigenous Literacies in the Americas. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter.
- Mosquera, M. (2012). Quechua de Huarás, in Spanish and English: Glossary. Bloomongton, Xlibris Corporation.
- Noble, J. And Lacasa, J. (2007). Introduction to Quechua: Language of the Andes. Indianapolis, Dog Ear Publishing.