Some Examples of viscosity Or viscous substances are: honey, oil, toothpaste and some chemical elements such as mercury.
Viscosity is a measure of resistance to deformations caused by tensile stresses or shear stresses. Some people also know it with the adjective"thickness", although its real name is viscosity.
The resistance to flow is known as the"poise"or"CGM system"and is measured in dynes. It is defined as " The force required to move a square centimeter on a surface parallel to the first at the rate of 1 cm per second ".
Viscosity is one of the most important elements for the lubrication of all machines and, therefore, the operation of the same. A low viscosity in a machine can quickly wear it out due to the absence of"hydrodynamic mattress".
It is a unique physical property of the fluids that causes the particles of the fluid to move to different celerities. The larger the molecules of a fluid the greater the resistance of the same to move, so when A tube or cylinder moves a liquid, the particles that are nearby move faster than the particles near the walls.
The more viscous fluids always have a slower displacement, since the intermolecular forces of the liquid are stronger and larger.
Conversely, being the smallest molecules will have a minimum strength of resistance and their movement is always faster. L Most liquids have different degrees of viscosity.
List with 10 examples of viscous substances
1- Oil
The oil is all liquid substance and fat that is obtained after the processing of different seeds and fruits. On the other hand, fuel oils are obtained from oil refining.
Each of these oils has specific characteristics and uses. However, one of the elements that makes both types be oils is precisely the viscosity, fuel oils usually have a higher degree of viscosity than foodstuffs.
2- Honey
It is a fluid that produces the Bees From the nectar of the flowers or excrements of living parts of the plants. Honey can be said to be one of the most viscous and sweetest animal fluids.
However, honey may sometimes exhibit varying degrees of viscosity due to post-harvest processing. Sometimes they mix the honey with sugar and other elements to commercialize it and this causes that it loses viscosity.
3- Dental paste
Dental paste is a perfect example of fluid with high viscosity that we find every day in our chores. It is composed of water, abrasives, foam, dyes, fluorine and other chemicals. It is also called toothpaste or toothpaste.
4- Hair gel
It is one of the most particular cases because its structure resembles that of solids but it is a liquid with a high volume of viscosity.
Some gels may pass from one state to another depending on the use given to them. When they are agitated they are liquids and when remaining immobile they become solids.
5- Glycerin
It is a kind of alcohol with three hydroxyl groups. It is shown as liquid at an ideal temperature of about 25 ° C. It has a high coefficient of viscosity and a sweet taste. Glycerin is found in all animal oils and fats.
Its applications are diverse in the commercial plane, it is used for the elaboration of cosmetics, soaps, detergents, humectants, antiseptics, solvent, lubrication and much more.
6- Ethyl alcohol
Is a alcohol Normal colorless and flammable whose boiling point is 78.4ºC. It is the main product for the production of alcoholic drinks Such as whiskey, wine, beer, rum and brandy. The degrees of viscosity in alcohols are usually very low.
7- Bitumen
Also called bitumen, it is a mixture of black organic substances that contain a high density completely soluble in"carbon disulfide"and it is composed mainly by hydrocarbons. It is one of the most viscous organic substances that can be found in nature.
Such viscosity is caused by the elements that comprise it: sulfur, metals, vanadium, lead, mercury, arsenic and selenium; Heavy and viscous elements that when integrated form an even more viscous compound.
8- Syrups
They are a type of liquid medicine composed of chemicals. The syrups have high viscosity because among its main components is the sugar .
Sugar has a double function on the one hand to add viscosity to the fluid and on the other it is a sweetener that gives the mixture a sweet flavor.
It is one of the most used components in pediatrics and can be ingested by both children and adults.
9-Brea
It is a substance of dark reddish color that is obtained when distilling to the fire the wood of several types of trees. Its degree of viscosity is very high due to the confluence of compounds that melt.
The pitch can be used as an antiseptic for machine maintenance. Some basketball players anoint it in their hands to better hold the ball.
10- Mercury
It is a chemical element that uses the symbol Hg. Mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid under standard conditions. Because it is heavy and due to its chemical structure mercury has a high degree of viscosity.
Today it is common to use mercury for research purposes, it is also used to manufacture fluorescent lights and dental amalgams.
Viscous substances appear both in substances of daily use and in elements necessary to carry out industrial processes. Without this property of fluids life would surely be very different.
References
- Atkins, P; Jones, L. (2006) Principles Of Chemistry: The Roads Of Discovery. Editorial Pan American. Buenos Aires. Argentina.
- Science For All (2014) Viscosity. Retrieved from: lacienciaparatodos.wordpress.com.
- Contributors to Wikipedia (2017) Viscosity . Retrieved from: en.wikipedia.org.
- Mott, R. (2006) Fluid mechanics . Editorial Assistant. U.S.
- Diaz Ortiz, J. (2006) Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics . Editorial : Mcgraw-Hill. U.S.
- FCM (2015) Fluid Properties . Retrieved from: fcm.us.uabc.mx.
- Widman International (2016) What is Viscosity? Retrieved from: widman.biz.