The examples of non-polar covalent bonds they include carbon dioxide, ethane and hydrogen. Covalent bonds are a type of bond that forms between atoms, filling their last layer of valence and forming highly stable bonds.
In a covalent bond it is necessary that the electronegativity between the nature of the atoms is not very large, since if this occurs an ionic bond would be formed.
Because of this, covalent bonds occur between atoms with a non-metallic nature, since a metal with a non-metal will have a noticeably large electrical difference and an ionic bond would be given.
Types of covalent bonds
It had been said that it is necessary that there is no significant electronegativity between one atom and another, but there are atoms that present a slight charge and that changes the way in which the links are distributed.
The covalent bonds can be divided into two types: polar and non-polar.
Polar
Polar links refer to those molecules whose charge is distributed in two poles, positive and negative.
Not polar
Non-polar bonds are those in which molecules have their charges distributed in the same way; that is, two equal atoms are joined, with the same electronegativity. This implies that the dielectric moment is equal to zero.
The 10 examples of non-polar covalent bonds
1- Ethane
In general, the simple bonds of hydrocarbons are the best example to represent non-polar covalent bonds.
Its structure is formed by two carbon atoms with three hydrogens accompanied in each one.
Carbon has a covalent bond with the other carbon. Due to the lack of electronegativity between these, a non-polar bond results.
2- Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most abundant gases on Earth due to human production.
This is structurally conformed to one carbon atom in the middle and two oxygen atoms to the sides; each one makes a double bond with the carbon atom.
The distribution of charges and weights is the same, so a linear array is formed and the moment of charges is equal to zero.
3- Hydrogen
Hydrogen in its gas form is found in nature as a bond between two hydrogen atoms.
Hydrogen is the exception to the octet rule because of its atomic mass, which is the lowest. The link is formed only in the form: H-H.
4- Ethylene
Ethylene is a hydrocarbon similar to ethane, but instead of having three hydrogens attached to each carbon, it has two.
To fill the valence electrons a double bond is formed between each carbon. Ethylene has different industrial applications, mainly in the automotive sector.
5- Toluene
Toluene is composed of an aromatic ring and a CH3 chain.
Although the ring represents a very large mass with respect to the CH3 chain, a non-polar covalent bond is formed by the lack of electronegativity.
6- Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a molecule with one carbon atom in the center and four chlorine atoms in each direction of space.
Although chlorine is a highly negative compound, being in all directions makes the dipole moment equal to zero, so it is a non-polar compound.
7- Isobutane
Isobutane is a hydrocarbon that is highly branched, but by the electronic configuration in carbon bonds a non-polar bond is present.
8- Hexane
The hexane is a geometric arrangement in the form of a hexagon. It has carbon and hydrogen bonds and its dipole moment is zero.
9- Cyclopentane
Like the hexane, it is a geometric arrangement in the form of a pentagon, it is closed and its dipole moment is equal to zero.
10- Nitrogen
Nitrogen is one of the most abundant compounds in the atmosphere, with approximately 70% composition in the air.
It is presented in the form of a nitrogen molecule with an equal molecule, forming a covalent bond, which, when having the same charge, turns out to be non-polar.
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