The soluble materials are those that can be diluted in another material to form a new substance. The solubility can be indicated in moles, grams or milligrams per liter, even in percentage of solute with a specific solvent.
Not all materials are equally soluble in certain solvents, this depends on the properties of the molecules that constitute each material and the reactions between both compounds upon solubilization.
At the moment of forming a solution, the size of the molecules and the forces between the ions play a fundamental role.
A material is readily soluble if more than 10 milligrams of solute is dissolved per liter of solvent.
The 12 main examples of soluble materials
1- Sugar
Sugar at 20 ° C has a solubility in water of 1330 grams per liter of water. This property makes sugar frequently used to sweeten foods, desserts and beverages.
2- Sodium Chloride
Common salt has a solubility in water of 359 grams per liter. Similar to the previous case, the high solubility of the salt makes possible the use of this material for domestic and culinary purposes.
3-Alcohols
Both ethyl alcohol (alcoholic beverages) and isopropyl alcohol (medical antiseptic) dissolve in water in a simple way.
4- Vinegar
Vinegar dissolves easily in water. That is why its use is so conducive to the preparation of salads and even for cleaning some surfaces.
5- Water-based paint
In case you want to clarify the color tone of a painting, it is feasible to dilute a little of this in water.
The above is valid as long as the paint is water based; in oil based paints does not apply given the low solubility of the oily compounds.
6- Sweeteners
Artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame and saccharin, are also highly soluble in water thanks to their chemical composition.
7- Methylparaben sodium
It is a water-soluble antiseptic used in the medical field as a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is also used for the sterilization of medical utensils.
8- Sodium benzoate
This antiseptic salt is widely used in the food industry as a preservative of carbonated beverages, sauces, fruit and vegetable trays, juices, margarines and jellies.
9- Household disinfectants
It is common practice at home to use a disinfectant solution in water to clean the floors of houses, and even to disinfect other surfaces such as ceramic or granite ceilings.
10- Propylparaben Sodium
It is a crystalline powder used as a preservative in the manufacture of cosmetic products. It is used predominantly in aqueous solutions, due to its solubility in water.
11- Sodium bicarbonate
This material is one of the most useful and multifaceted that exists. Due to its high solubility in water it is used for medical, cosmetic and domestic purposes.
12- Potassium chloride
This salt is highly soluble in water and today it is recommended as an adjuvant in the treatment of stomach upset. It is also used as raw material in the production of soil fertilizers.
References
- Sodium methylparaben (s.f.). Recovered from: dyeq.co
- Rules of Solubility (s.f.) Universidad de Los Andes. Mérida, Venezuela. Retrieved from: webdelprofesor.ula.ve
- Sánchez, G., Valcárcel, M. (2011). Soluble and non-water soluble substances. University of Murcia, Spain. Recovered from: grao.com
- Solubility of sugar in water (s.f.). Recovered from: todoesquimica.bligoo.cl
- Solubility of poorly soluble ionic compounds (s.f.). Recovered from: e-ducativa.catedu.es
- Soluble and insoluble substances (2012). Recovered from: clubensayos.com
- Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (2017). Solubility. Retrieved from: en.wikipedia.org