The speed in physical education is the maximum frequency at which it is possible for an individual to cover a distance or to make a movement in a specific period of time. Speed is a combination of reaction time and movement time.
Reaction time is the time it takes an individual to respond to a stimulus. For example, a goalkeeper responding to a goal in football or the sound of the pistol indicating the beginning of a career in athletics.
On the other hand, movement time is the time it takes for an individual to make a move. For example, run to catch an opponent or arm speed in a golf shot.
Speed can be improved through training focusing on strength and technique, although some factors may limit speed.
These factors may include inherited characteristics, body type and size, and the duration of the event in which you are participating.
Speed in physical exercise
Speed is not just how fast someone can run or swim, it also depends on their acceleration (how fast they can accelerate from a stationary position), maximum speed of movement and maintenance of speed (minimizing deceleration).
The speed of movement requires good strength and power, but a lot of body weight and air resistance can work by slowing down an individual.
In addition to the high proportion of fast-acting muscle fibers, it is vital to have a mechanical efficiency of movement to optimize muscle power for the most economical motion technique.
Elements that influence the speed of the individual
Although speed can be improved through conditioning and technique, some elements can have a great influence on the results. These factors are:
-Inherited characteristics, such as a person's fast muscle fibers. These muscle fibers are used for fast and powerful movements. However this means they tire faster. Athletes who are good at short events that require high speed and power will have a greater number of fast muscle fibers.
- Type of body and size; bone structure, weight, and muscle size will affect how fast an individual can move.
-Duration of the event, it is not possible to run at maximum speed for too long distances.
How to increase speed
Improving speed requires a training program that focuses on strength of the legs and power.
Appropriate technical training should be done that best utilizes the development of strength and power of the individual.
Conditioning
Sprint training is not just about running fast. It is important to have a good foundation of physical conditioning in order to build speed on it.
Flexibility is also important because that way you can achieve good running posture, you can enhance the exercises over the full range of motion and you can reduce the risk of injury.
Specific sprint training may include working on speed resistance (with lactic acid / lactic acid free), maximum speed, elastic force / acceleration and reactive speed.
Sprint training sessions often include: sprinting exercises, acceleration, sprints, plyometric exercises, resistance training and speed training.
The reaction time
The reaction time is the brief interval of time it takes an athlete to determine how they will begin to move after a stimulus.
An athlete's ability to react shows how fast and how effective it is in making decisions and initiating actions.
To improve it, you must first understand and study the patterns of the player with which you compete. In this way you can limit the number of options and responses appropriate to your movements.
In addition, clues should also be identified that can indicate what the opposing player will do on his next move.
The response should also be practiced under different competitive conditions. The quantity and quality of the practice can reduce the amount of time it takes an athlete to make the proper decision.
Then the opponent's actions must be anticipated. An athlete's ability to predict what his opponent will do in different situations improves reaction time.
Athletes who want to fool their opponents can use that anticipation as an advantage in making those moves unpredictable.
If an opponent is unable to anticipate a move, the response process will be slower. Reaction time and decision making are influenced by the stress and excitement of an athlete.
Excited athletes can detect a limited number of signals because their concentration is focused. This level can be achieved through breathing, meditation, visualization, and relaxation exercises.
Importance of speed
Speed is one of the main components of physical fitness; it is important for success is many sports.
For some athletes, like athletic sprinters, sprinters, cyclists and speed skaters, speed is the most important aspect of their fitness.
In many other sports, including team-based field sports, good speed is also very important as part of your overall physical profile.
Some of the sports that are given an emphasis on speed include: all kinds of athletics (sprints, socks and long distances), swimming, skating, hockey, cycling, basketball, football, football, tennis, boxing and martial arts, among others.
References
- Speed sports. Retrieved from topendsports.com
- Components of fitness. Retrieved from teachpe.com
- Speed training: how to get faster. Retrieved from topendsports.com
- Top fitness components in sports. Recovered from sports-training-adviser.com
- Speed fitness component. Retrieved from topendsports.com
- Reaction time and decision making in sports. Recovered from sports-training-adviser.com
- Muscles. Retrieved from teachpe.com.